CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW AND RETRIEVED TITANIUM BIOMATERIAL FOR DENTAL IMPLANTS
Abstract
Dental implants serve as a reliable treatment option for replacing missing teeth. The important properties for implant materials are, besides biocompatibility, adequate strength, corrosion, wear and fracture resistance. The most important step in the stability of the implant is a structural and functional connection between the implant’s surface and the newly formed bone, which is called osseointegration. It comprises a cascade of complex physiological mechanisms. The implant’s surface characteristics and roughness are the most important in achieving the biomechanical concept of secondary stability. Nowadays, dental implants are produced from metals, ceramics or even polymers. Rehabilitations with titanium and titanium-alloy dental implants have shown long-term survival; therefore, they have become a gold standard to replace missing teeth. In the study we investigated new and retrieved dental implants and restorative materials, commercially pure titanium (cpTi), the Ti6Al4V alloy and CoCrMo alloys using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy for the surface morphology and microstructure. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy was used for the chemical analyses. The results showed that the surfaces of the Ti and Ti6Al4V implants were roughened by corundum (Al2O3) blasting, and the corundum contamination was found not only on the surface but also in the sub-surface of the new and retrieved dental implants. It is assumed that the retained corundum Al2O3 contamination on the surface of the Ti or Ti-alloy affects the osseointegration and longevity of the dental-implant rehabilitation.
References
2 M. Rong, H. Lu, L. Wan, X. Zhang, X. Lin, S. Li, L. Zhou, Y. Lv, Y. Su, Comparison of early osseointegration between laser-treated/ acid-etched and sandblasted/acid-etched titanium implant surfaces, J Mater Sci Mater Med, 30 (2018) 29, 43, doi:10.1007/s10856-¬018-¬6049-1
3 R. Smeets, B. Stadlinger, F. Schwarz, B. Beck-Broichsitter, O. Jung, C. Precht, F. Kloss, A. Groebe, M. Heiland, T. Ebker, Impact of Dental Implant Surface Modifications on Osseointegration, Biomed Res Int, (2016) 6285620, doi:10.1155/2016/6285620
4 T. Albrektsson, A. Wenneberg, Oral implant surfaces: part 1- review focusing on topographic and chemical properties of different surfaces and in vivo responses to them, Int. J. Prosthodont, 17 (2004) 5, 536–543
5 S. A. Gehrke, S. Taschieri, M. Del Fabbro, P. G. Coelho, Positive Biomechanical Effects of Titanium Oxide for Sandblasting Implant Surface as an Alternative to Aluminum Oxide, J Oral Implantol, 41 (2015) 5, 515–522, doi:10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-13-00019
6 G. Orsini, B. Assenza, A. Scarano, A. Piattelli, Surface analysis of machined versus sandblasted and acid-etched titanium implants, Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants, 15 (2000) 6, 779–784
7 R. K. Alla, N. Ginjupalli, M. Upadhya, R. Shammas, R. K. Ravi, R. Sekhar, Surface Roughness of Implants: A Review, Trends Biomater. Artif. Organs, 25 (2011) 3, 112–118
8 A. Piattelli, M. Degidi, M. Paolantonio, C. Mangano, A. Scarano, Residual aluminium oxide on the surface of titanium implants has no effect on osseointegration, Biomaterials, 24 (2003) 22, 4081–4089
9 M. Jenko, M. Gorenšek, M. Godec, M. Hodnik, B. Šetina Batič, Č. Donik, J. T. Grant, D. Dolinar, Surface chemistry and microstructure of metallic biomaterials for hip and knee endoprostheses, App Surf Sci., 427 (2018), 584–593
10 K. Avsec, M. Jenko, M. Conradi, A. Kocijan, A. Vesel, J. Kovac, M. Godec, I. Belic, B. Š. Batič, Č. Donik, M.Gorenšek , B. Kocjancic, D. Dolinar, Surface Properties of Retrieved Cementless Femoral Hip Endoprostheses Produced from a Ti6Al7Nb Alloy, Coatings 9 (2019) 868, doi:10.3390/coatings9120868
11 D. Dolinar, M. Jenko, M. Godec, M. Gorenšek, K. Avsec, B. Pompe, A. Cör, B. Kocjančič, Particulate debris from corundum-blasted titanium alloy cementless hip endoprostheses effecting aseptic loosening, AAOS 2020 Annual meeting, March 24–28, 2020, Orlando Florida, E-presentation 626
