ISOLATION OF MICROFIBERS IN THE PROCESSING OF POLYAMIDE FABRICS
Keywords:
microplastics, fiber, polyamide, chitosan, washing
Abstract
In recent years, the problem of the release of polymer microparticles (the so-called microplastics) from textile products has been extensively investigated. The main reason of the release of a large number of plastic microfibers is considered to be machine washing of synthetic clothing. However, approaches aimed at reducing the amounts of detached microfibers (MFs) differ significantly. This paper reviews the existing approaches, presents a method for processing polyamide fabrics with a chitosan solution, and describes the experiments that confirm the feasibility of the proposed method. The formation of a chitosan film on the surface of polyamide fibers was evidenced with the results of scanning electron microscopy. The authors have shown that fabric surface treatment with a 1 % chitosan solution reduces the amount of microfibers released during washing by 60 %. A fluorescent analysis demonstrated that mechanical processing of polyamide fabrics with a higher surface density is associated with a release of a smaller number of microfibers (358 ± 24) MF/g as compared to less dense fabrics (533 ± 16) MF/g. The results obtained in the present study can be used in the development of a standard method for quantifying the amount of synthetic microfibers shed from textile materials during their washing.
References
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2. B. M. Carney Almroth, L. Åström, S. Roslund, H. Petersson, M. Johansson, N. K. Persson, Quantifying shedding of synthetic fibers from textiles; a source of microplastics released into the environment, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 25 (2018) 1191, doi:10.1007/s11356-017-0528-7
3. Y. Q. Zhang, M. Lykaki, M. T. Alrajoula, M. Markiewicz, C. Kraas, S. Kolbe, K. Klinkhammer, M. Rabe, R. Klauer, E. Bendt, S. Stolte, Microplastics from textile origin–emission and reduction measures, Green Chem., 23 (2021) 5247, doi:10.1039/D1GC01589C
4. V. N. Kondakova, K. V. Pankratova, A. A. Pomortseva, G. B. Pospekhov, Analysis of the problem of classification of mining wastes, Conf. Proc. Engineering and Mining Geophysics 2020, European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2020, Vol. 2020, 1–8
5. B. Henry, K. Laitala, I. Grimstad Klepp, Microfibres from apparel and home textiles: prospects for including microplastics in environmental sustainability assessment, Sci. Total Environ., 652 (2019) 483–494, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.166
6. P. Byrne, Microfibres: the plastic in our clothes, Friends of the Earth (2018). https://friendsoftheearth.uk/plastics/microfibres-plastic-in-our-clothes, 20.12.2021
7. E. M. Eisenstein, Smart textile. Chemical fibers in Russia and worldwide, Neftegaz.RU, 8 (2018) 112
8. H. Deng, R. Wei, W. Luo, L. Hu, B. Li, H. Shi, Microplastic pollution in water and sediment in a textile industrial area, Environ. Pollut., 258 (2020) 113658, doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113658
9. M. R. Kelly, N. J. Lant, M. Kurr, J. G. Burgess, Importance of water-volume on the release of microplastic fibers from laundry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53 (2019) 11735, doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b03022
10. F. De Falco, E. Di Pace, M. Cocca, M. Avella, Washing load influences the microplastic release from polyester fabrics by affecting wettability and mechanical stress, Sci. Rep., 9 (2019) 6633, doi:10.1038/s41598-021-98836-6
11. J. Liu, J. Liang, J. Ding, G. Zhang, X. Zeng, Q. Yang, B. Zhu, W. Gao, Microfiber pollution: an ongoing major environmental issue related to the sustainable development of textile and clothing industry, Environ. Dev. Sustain., 23 (2021) 11240, doi:10.1007/s10668-020-01173-3
12. J. Boucher, D. Friot, Primary microplastics in the oceans: a global evaluation of sources, Vol. 43, Iucn, Gland, Switzerland 2017.
13. F. S. Cesa, A. Turra, H. H. Checon, B. Leonardi, J. Baruque-Ramos, Laundering and textile parameters influence fibers release in household washings, Environ. Pollut., 257 (2020) 113553, doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113553
14. C. Gaylarde, J. A. Baptista-Neto, E. M. da Fonseca, Plastic microfibre pollution: how important is clothes’ laundering?, Heliyon, 7 (2021) e07105, doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07105
15. L. Tiffin, A. Hazlehurst, M. Sumner, M. Taylor, Reliable quantification of microplastic release from the domestic laundry of textile fabrics, J. Text. Inst., 113 (2021) 558, doi:10.1080/00405000.2021.1892305
16. N. J. Lant, A. S. Hayward, M. M. Peththawadu, K. J. Sheridan, J. R. Dean, Microfiber release from real soiled consumer laundry and the impact of fabric care products and washing conditions, PloS one, 15 (2020) e0233332, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0233332
17. C. Jönsson, O. Levenstam Arturin, A. C. Hanning, R. Landin, E. Holmström, S. Roos, Microplastics shedding from textiles—developing analytical method for measurement of shed material representing release during domestic washing, Sustainability, 10 (2018) 2457, doi:10.3390/su10072457
18. L. Yang, F. Qiao, K. Lei, H. Li, Y. Kang, S. Cui, L. An, Microfiber release from different fabrics during washing, Environ. Pollut., 249 (2019) 136, doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.011
19. P. Pfohl, C. Roth, L. Meyer, U. Heinemeyer, T. Gruendling, C. Lang, N. Nestle, T. Hofmann, W. Wohlleben, S. Jessl, Microplastic extraction protocols can impact the polymer structure, Micropl. Nanopl., 1 (2021) 8, doi:10.1186/s43591-021-00009-9
20. N. Kärkkäinen, M. Sillanpää, Quantification of different microplastic fibres discharged from textiles in machine wash and tumble drying, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 28 (2021) 16253, doi:10.1007/s11356-020-11988-2
21. M. Volgare, F. De Falco, R. Avolio, R. Castaldo, M. E. Errico, G. Gentile, V. Ambrogi, M. Cocca, Washing load influences the microplastic release from polyester fabrics by affecting wettability and mechanical stress, Sci. Rep., 11 (2021) 19479, doi:10.1038/s41598-021-98836-6
22. F. De Falco, G. Gentile, E. Di Pace, M. Avella, and M. Cocca, Quantification of microfibres released during washing of synthetic clothes in real conditions and at lab scale, Eur. Phys. J. Plus, 133 (2018) 257, doi:10.1140/epjp/i2018-12123-x
23. E. Hernandez, B. Nowack, D. M. Mitrano, Polyester textiles as a source of microplastics from households: a mechanistic study to understand microfiber release during washing, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51 (2017) 7036, doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b01750
24. I. E. Napper, R. C. Thompson, Release of synthetic microplastic plastic fibres from domestic washing machines: effects of fabric type and washing conditions, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 112 (2016) 39, doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.025
25. F. De Falco, M. P. Gullo, G. Gentile, E. Di Pace, M. Cocca, L. Gelabert, M. Brouta-Agnésa, A. Rovira, R. Escudero, R. Villalba, R. Mossotti, A. Montarsolo, S. Gavignano, C. Tonin, M. Avella, Evaluation of microplastic release caused by textile washing processes of synthetic fabrics, Environ. Pollut., 236 (2018) 916, doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.057
26. Z. Samicho, A. Ramli: Extraction of chitosan & its film-forming properties: a review, 2011 IEEE symposium on business, engineering and industrial applications (ISBEIA), IEEE, Langkawi, Malaysia, 2011, 576–580
27. K. Koo, S. S. Kim, Y. M. Park, J. Y. Yu, B. S. Koo, S. C. Yoo, Physicochemical characterization of PET fabrics treated with chitosan after exposure to O2 low temperature plasma-especially by KES evaluation, Text. Color. Finish., 17 (2005) 26
28. J. Sole, S. Vilchez, N. Montanya, M. J. Garcia-Celma, M. Ferrandiz, J. Esquena, Polyamide fabric coated with a dihydroxyacetone-loaded chitosan hydrogel for a cosmeto-textile application, J. Ind. Text., 50 (2019) 526, doi:10.1177/1528083719835762
29. K. E. Perepelkin, Physical and chemical basis for the formation of chemical fibers, Chemistry, Moscow 1978
30. E. V. Ivanova, A. V. Guzeva, A. E. Lapenkov, Sh. R. Pozdnyakov, L. L. Kapustina, G. G. Mitrukova, D. A. Tikhonova, Russ. The aspects of using Nile red for the detection of plastic particles in environment, J. Appl. Ecol., 4 (2020) 36, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153441
31. M. N. R. Kumar, A review of chitin and chitosan applications, React. Funct. Polym., 46 (2000) 1, doi:10.1016/S1381-5148(00)00038-9
32. K. M. Kim, J. H. Son, S. K. Kim, C. L. Weller, M. A. Hanna, Properties of chitosan films as a function of pH and solvent type, J. Food Sci., 71 (2006) E119, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.tb15624.x
33. S. Y. Park, K. S. Marsh, J. W. Rhim, Characteristics of different molecular weight chitosan films affected by the type of organic solvents, J. Food Sci., 67 (2002) 194, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb11382.x
34. E. N. Fedoseeva, L. A. Smirnova, V. B. Fedoseev, Viscosity and reactivity of chitosan solutions, Bull. N.I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod Univ., 4 (2008) 59
35. M. Alekseeva, E. Fedoseeva, V. Frolov, V. Nistratov, L. Smirnova, The strength of chitosan films. The role of molecular weight, the degree of order, the nature of contre-ion, Prog. Chem. Appl. Chitin Deriv., 14 (2009) 65
Published
2022-12-08
How to Cite
1.
Nyssanbek M, Mukhametov A, Azimov A. ISOLATION OF MICROFIBERS IN THE PROCESSING OF POLYAMIDE FABRICS. MatTech [Internet]. 2022Dec.8 [cited 2025Dec.15];56(6):623–627. Available from: https://mater-tehnol.si/index.php/MatTech/article/view/621
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