EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE INTERNAL EROSION BEHAVIORS OF GRANULAR SOILS IN HORIZONTAL SEEPAGE
Keywords:
internal erosion, horizontal seepage, dominant seepage area, hydraulic gradient
Abstract
Internal erosion is one of the most common failure mechanisms in hydraulic structures. The internal erosion is generally initiated by horizontal seepage in earth-filled embankments such as levees. With a newly developed apparatus we carried out a set of internal erosion experiments in horizontal seepage. The experiments used gap-graded granular soil to prepare the specimens. The experimental results revealed that, in a horizontal column, the upper part of the specimen is preferentially eroded, sequentially forming a dominant seepage area. When the erosion progresses, the dominant seepage area gradually expands from the upper part to the lower part of the column. At the particle scale, the localized fine-particle movement can be observed in the erosion process when the hydraulic gradient is relatively small, e.g., less than 0.62. During the early stage of erosion, the particles are rapidly eroded. With the erosion time increasing, the particle loss slows down and even ceases if there is sufficient time.
References
1. Foster M, Fell R, Spannagle M.,The statistics of embankment dam failures and accidents, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 37(2000),1000-1024,doi: 10.1139/t00-030.
2. Kevin S. Richards and Krishna R. Reddy, Critical appraisal of piping phenomena in earth dams, Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ.,66(2007), 381-402, doi:10.1007/s10064-007-0095-0.
3. L.M.Zhang and Qun Chen, Seepage failure mechanism of the Gouhourockfill dam during reservoir water infiltration, Soils and Foundation, 46(2006), 557-568 ,doi: 10.3208/sandf.46.557.
4. Jia Kai,Tang LianSheng, Cao Hong,et al,Upstream movement of piping channel of double-layer dike foundation based on tip hydraulic gradient,Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,41(2019),81-84,doi:10.11779/CJGE2019S1021
5. Yue Liang,Qi Wei,Chen Ma,et al,Experimental study of the anti-seepage characteristics of sidraton particles,Materials and Technology,54(2020),829-835,doi:10.17222/mit.2020.040
6. Liang Yue, Chen Jian-sheng, Chen Liang,et al,Laboratory tests and analysis on piping in two-stratum dike foundation,Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,33(2011),624-62
7. Chen Jiansheng, He Wenzheng,Wang Shuang,et al,Laboratory tests on development of seepage failure of overlying layer during piping of two-stratum dike foundation,Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,35(2013),1777-1783
8. Kristine Vandenboer,Lies Dolphen, Adam Bezuijen,Backward erosion piping through vertically layered soils,European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering,23(2019),1404-1412,doi:10.1080/19648189.2017.1373708
9. Ni Xiaodong, Zuo Xiangyu, Sun Daming,et al,Study on the Piping Erosion in Levee Foundation by Sand Box Model Test,Advanced Engineering Sciences,50(2018),24-31,doi:10.15961jsuese.201700849
10. Cao Hong,Xiao Ying-ping,Experimental study of permeability characteristics of surface soil during seepage and deformation,Rock and Soil Mechanics,38(2017),2465-2472,doi:10.16285/j.rsm.2017.09.001
11. YP Xiao,H Cao,C Zhai,Analytical and experimental investigation of a disturbed zone around a pipe in sand,Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical ences & Engineering,40(2018),1-11,doi:10.1007/s40430-018-1160-2
12. Zhang Can-hong, Qian Ya-jun, Zhong Qi-ming,Permeability characteristics of silty sand under vertical and horizontal seepages,Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,42(2020),163-167,doi:10.11779/CJGE2020S2029
13. Wang XinZhi,Wang Xing,Hu MingJian,et al,Study of permeability of calcareous silty layer of foundation at an artificial reclamation island,Rock and Soil Mechanics,11(2017),3127-3135,doi:10.16285/j.rsm.2017.11.007
14. Qi Licheng, Chen Qun, Zhu YaJun,Seepage tests on double-layer soils composed of sandy gravel and sand under different stresses and shear displacements,Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,40(2018),63-67,doi:10.11779/CJGE2018S2013
15. Zhang Li, Liang FaYun, Wang Chen,Fine soil particle entrainment induced by contact erosion between cohesionless soil layers under horizontal seepage condition,Engineering Mechanics,38(2021),143-150,doi:1000-4750(2021)05-0143-08
16. M Jiang;Z Shen;J Wang,A novel three-dimensional contact model for granulates incorporating rolling and twisting resistances,Computers & Geotechnics,65(2015),147-173,doi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2014.12.011
17. ASTM, Standard test method for particle-size analysis of soils, Annu. B. ASTM Stand.(2007).
18. T.Shire, C.O'Sullivan, K.J. Hanley, et al,Fabric and Effective Stress Distribution in Internally Unstable Soils, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng.,140,(2014)1-11,doi:10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001184.
19. Liang Yue, Yeh Tian-Chyi Jim, Chen Qingkong,et al,Particle erosion in suffusion under isotropic and anisotropic stress states, Soils and Foundations, 59(2019),1371-1384,doi:10.1016/j.sandf.2019.06.009.
20. Selig ET,Ladd. RS,Preparing Test Specimens Using Undercompaction,Geotechnical Testing Journal,1(1978),16-23,doi:10.1520/GTJ10364J
21. He WenShe,Fang Duo,Yang JuRui,et al,Studyonincipientvelocityofsediment,Shui Li Xue Bao,10(2002),51-56
22. Han Qiwei ,Characteristics of Incipient Sediment Motion and Incipient Velocity,Journal of Sediment Research,2(1982),11-26,doi:10.16239/j.cnki.0468-155x.1982.02002.
2. Kevin S. Richards and Krishna R. Reddy, Critical appraisal of piping phenomena in earth dams, Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ.,66(2007), 381-402, doi:10.1007/s10064-007-0095-0.
3. L.M.Zhang and Qun Chen, Seepage failure mechanism of the Gouhourockfill dam during reservoir water infiltration, Soils and Foundation, 46(2006), 557-568 ,doi: 10.3208/sandf.46.557.
4. Jia Kai,Tang LianSheng, Cao Hong,et al,Upstream movement of piping channel of double-layer dike foundation based on tip hydraulic gradient,Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,41(2019),81-84,doi:10.11779/CJGE2019S1021
5. Yue Liang,Qi Wei,Chen Ma,et al,Experimental study of the anti-seepage characteristics of sidraton particles,Materials and Technology,54(2020),829-835,doi:10.17222/mit.2020.040
6. Liang Yue, Chen Jian-sheng, Chen Liang,et al,Laboratory tests and analysis on piping in two-stratum dike foundation,Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,33(2011),624-62
7. Chen Jiansheng, He Wenzheng,Wang Shuang,et al,Laboratory tests on development of seepage failure of overlying layer during piping of two-stratum dike foundation,Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,35(2013),1777-1783
8. Kristine Vandenboer,Lies Dolphen, Adam Bezuijen,Backward erosion piping through vertically layered soils,European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering,23(2019),1404-1412,doi:10.1080/19648189.2017.1373708
9. Ni Xiaodong, Zuo Xiangyu, Sun Daming,et al,Study on the Piping Erosion in Levee Foundation by Sand Box Model Test,Advanced Engineering Sciences,50(2018),24-31,doi:10.15961jsuese.201700849
10. Cao Hong,Xiao Ying-ping,Experimental study of permeability characteristics of surface soil during seepage and deformation,Rock and Soil Mechanics,38(2017),2465-2472,doi:10.16285/j.rsm.2017.09.001
11. YP Xiao,H Cao,C Zhai,Analytical and experimental investigation of a disturbed zone around a pipe in sand,Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical ences & Engineering,40(2018),1-11,doi:10.1007/s40430-018-1160-2
12. Zhang Can-hong, Qian Ya-jun, Zhong Qi-ming,Permeability characteristics of silty sand under vertical and horizontal seepages,Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,42(2020),163-167,doi:10.11779/CJGE2020S2029
13. Wang XinZhi,Wang Xing,Hu MingJian,et al,Study of permeability of calcareous silty layer of foundation at an artificial reclamation island,Rock and Soil Mechanics,11(2017),3127-3135,doi:10.16285/j.rsm.2017.11.007
14. Qi Licheng, Chen Qun, Zhu YaJun,Seepage tests on double-layer soils composed of sandy gravel and sand under different stresses and shear displacements,Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,40(2018),63-67,doi:10.11779/CJGE2018S2013
15. Zhang Li, Liang FaYun, Wang Chen,Fine soil particle entrainment induced by contact erosion between cohesionless soil layers under horizontal seepage condition,Engineering Mechanics,38(2021),143-150,doi:1000-4750(2021)05-0143-08
16. M Jiang;Z Shen;J Wang,A novel three-dimensional contact model for granulates incorporating rolling and twisting resistances,Computers & Geotechnics,65(2015),147-173,doi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2014.12.011
17. ASTM, Standard test method for particle-size analysis of soils, Annu. B. ASTM Stand.(2007).
18. T.Shire, C.O'Sullivan, K.J. Hanley, et al,Fabric and Effective Stress Distribution in Internally Unstable Soils, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng.,140,(2014)1-11,doi:10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001184.
19. Liang Yue, Yeh Tian-Chyi Jim, Chen Qingkong,et al,Particle erosion in suffusion under isotropic and anisotropic stress states, Soils and Foundations, 59(2019),1371-1384,doi:10.1016/j.sandf.2019.06.009.
20. Selig ET,Ladd. RS,Preparing Test Specimens Using Undercompaction,Geotechnical Testing Journal,1(1978),16-23,doi:10.1520/GTJ10364J
21. He WenShe,Fang Duo,Yang JuRui,et al,Studyonincipientvelocityofsediment,Shui Li Xue Bao,10(2002),51-56
22. Han Qiwei ,Characteristics of Incipient Sediment Motion and Incipient Velocity,Journal of Sediment Research,2(1982),11-26,doi:10.16239/j.cnki.0468-155x.1982.02002.
Published
2022-02-02
How to Cite
1.
Liang Y, Sun Z, Zhang Q. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE INTERNAL EROSION BEHAVIORS OF GRANULAR SOILS IN HORIZONTAL SEEPAGE. MatTech [Internet]. 2022Feb.2 [cited 2026Aug.10];56(1):59–64. Available from: https://mater-tehnol.si/index.php/MatTech/article/view/274
Section
Articles
