EFFECT OF DIFFRENT LOADS ON THE WEAR BEHAVIORS OF 5Cr5Mo2V STEEL AT 700 °C
Abstract
The effect of different loads on the high-temperature wear behavior of 5Cr5Mo2V steel at 700 °C was investigated. Wear morphologies, oxide compositions and matrix evolution were studied. The results showed that the wear rate increased with an increased test load, and the wear mechanism transformed from abrasive-oxidative wear to adhesive-oxidative wear. The relation between a delaminated oxide layer and cracks in the matrix were investigated. The exfoliation of carbides and displacement difference between the matrix and carbides caused a crack initiation. The wear rate strongly related to carbides, and coarse M6C carbides with poor holding power led to a high wear rate. Besides, a diagram of wear characteristics under different loads was suggested in this work.
References
1 A. Yanagida, A. Azushima, Evaluation of coefficients of friction in hot stamping by hot flat drawing test, CIRP Annals – Manufacturing Technology, 58 (2009) 1, 247–250, doi:10.1016/j.cirp.2009.03.091
A. Ghiotti, S. Bruschi, F. Medea, A. Hamasaiid, Tribological behavior of high thermal conductivity steels for hot stamping tools, Tribology International, 97 (2016), 412–422, doi:10.1016/j.triboint. 2016.01.024
C. Boher, S. Le Roux, L. Penazzi, C. Dessain, Experimental investigation of the tribological behavior and wear mechanisms of tool steel grades in hot stamping of a high-strength boron steel, Wear, (2012), 286–295, doi:10.1016/j.wear.2012.07.001
K. Lange, L. Cser, M. Geiger, J. A. G. Kals, Tool Life and Tool Quality in Bulk Metal Forming, CIRP Annals, 41 (1992) 2, 667–675, doi:10.1016/s0007-8506(07)63253-3
M. Wei, F Wang, S. Wang, X. Cui, Comparative research on the elevated-temperature wear resistance of a cast hot-working die steel, Materials and Design, 30 (2009) 9, 3608–3614, doi:10.1016/ j.matdes.2009.02.023
M. Wei, S. Wang, L. Wang, X. Cui, K. Chen, Effect of tempering conditions on wear resistance in various wear mechanisms of H13 steel, Tribology International, 44 (2011) 7–8, 898–905, doi:10.1016/ j.triboint.2011.03.005
Q. Li, J. Guo, A. Zhao, Effect of Upper Bainite on Wear Behaviour of High-Speed Wheel Steel, Tribology Letters, 67 (2019) 4, 121, doi:10.1007/s11249-019-1239-7
D. Rai, B. Singh, J. Singh, Characterisation of wear behaviour of different microstructures in Ni–Cr–Mo–V steel, Wear, 263 (2007) 1, 821–829, doi:10.1016/j.wear.2006.12.014
S. Li, X. Wu, X. Li, J. Li, X. He, Wear Characteristics of Mo-W-Type Hot-Work Steel at High Temperature, Tribology Letters, 64 (2016) 2, 1–12, doi:10.1007/s11249-016-0764-x
S. Wang, F. Wang, X. Cui, K. Chen, Effect of secondary carbides on oxidation wear of the Cr–Mo–V cast steels, Materials Letters, 62 (2008) 2, 279–281, doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2007.05.018
S. Li, X. Wu, S. Chen, J. Li, Wear Resistance of H13 and a New Hot-Work Die Steel at High Temperature, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 25 (2016) 7, 2993–3006, doi:10.1007/ s11665-¬016-2124-2
N. Hashemi, A. Mertens, H.-M. Montrieux, J. T. Tchuindjang, O. Dedry, R. Carrus, J. Lecomte-Beckers, Oxidative wear behaviour of laser clad High Speed Steel thick deposits: Influence of sliding speed, carbide type and morphology, Surface and Coatings Technology, 315 (2017), 519–529, doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.02.071
N. Ur Rahman, M. de Rooij, D. Matthews, G. Walmag, M. Sinnaeve, G. Römera, Wear characterization of multilayer laser cladded high speed steels, Tribology International, 130 (2019), 52–62, doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2018.08.019
M. Pole, M. Sadeghilaridjani, J. Shittu, A. Ayyagari, S. Mukherjee, High temperature wear behavior of refractory high entropy alloys based on 4-5-6 elemental palette, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 843 (2020), 156004, doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.156004
P. Jayashree, M. Bortolotti, S. Turani, G. Straffelini, High-Temperature Tribo-Oxidative Wear of a Cu-Based Metal-Matrix Composite Dry Sliding against Heat-Treated Steel, Tribology Letters, 67 (2019) 4, 110, doi:10.1007/s11249-019-1227-y
H. Tang, H. Zhang, L. Chen, S. Guo, Novel laser rapidly solidified medium-entropy high speed steel coatings with enhanced hot wear resistance, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 772 (2018), 719–727, doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.09.122
G. A. Fontalvo, C. Mitterer, The effect of oxide-forming alloying elements on the high temperature wear of a hot work steel, Wear, 258 (2005) 10, 1491–1499, doi:10.1016/j.wear.2004.04.014
Y. Wang, L. Zhang, T. Wang, X. D. Hui, W. Chen, C. F. Feng, Effect of sliding velocity on the transition of wear mechanism in (Zr,Cu)95Al5 bulk metallic glass, Tribology International, 101 (2016), 141–151, doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2015.11.012
Y. Shi, X. Wu, Research on Oxidation Wear Behavior of a New Hot Forging Die Steel, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 27 (2017) 1, 176–185, doi:10.1007/s11665-017-3078-8
Y. Qian, M. Li, Y. Zhang, Effect of External Stress on the Selective Oxidation of Ti3Al Base Alloy at 500-700 °C, Acta Metallrugica Sinica, 39 (2003), 989–994
X. Cui, S. Wang, Q. Jiang, B. Hong, High-Temperature Wear Mechanism of Cast Hot-Forging Die Steel 4Cr3Mo2NiV, Acta Metallrugica Sinica, 41 (2005), 1116–1120
M. J. Santofimia, L. Zhao, J. Sietsma, Model for the interaction between interface migration and carbon diffusion during annealing of martensite-austenite microstructures in steels, Scripta Materialia, 59 (2008) 2, 159–162, doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2008.02.045
V. V. Popov, Diffusion Parameters of Carbide-Forming Elements in Fe-M-C Systems, Defect and Diffusion Forum, 283–286 (2009), 687–696, doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.283-286.687
S. Z. Yang, N. Li, Y. H. Wen, H. B. Peng, Effect of ageing temperature after tensile pre deformation on shape memory effect and precipitation process of Cr23C6 carbide in a FeMnSiCrNiC alloy, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 529 (2011), 201–206, doi:10.1016/ j.msea.2011.09.018
D. Wu, F. Wang, J. Cheng, C. Li, Effects of Nb and Tempering Time on Carbide Precipitation Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Cr-Mo-V Steel for Brake Discs, Steel Research International, 89 (2018) 5, 1700491, doi:10.1002/srin.201700491
J. Guo, H. Qu, L. Liu, Y. Sun, Y. Zhang, Q. Yang, Study on stable and meta-stable carbides in a high speed steel for rollers during tempering processes, International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 20 (2013) 2, 146–151, doi:10.1007/s12613-013-0706-7
X. H. Cui, S. Q. Wang, F. Wang, K. M. Chen, Research on oxidation wear mechanism of the cast steels, Wear, 265 (2008) 3–4, 468–476, doi:10.1016/j.wear.2007.11.015
M. Shen, Y. Zhou, C. Song, J. Mo, M. Zhu, Local Fatigue Behavior of 7075 Alloy under Condition of Rotational Fretting Wear, Journal of Aeronautical Materials, 33 (2013) 2, 46–50
J. R. Fleming, N. P. Suh, Mechanics of crack propagation in delamination wear, Wear, 44 (1977) 1, 39–56, doi:10.1016/0043-1648(77)90083-7
S. Jahanmir, N. P. Suh, Mechanics of subsurface void nucleation in delami¬nation wear, Wear, 44 (1977) 1, 17–38, doi:10.1016/0043-¬1648(77)90082-5
T. F. J. Quinn, D. M. Rowson, J. L. Sullivan, Application of the oxidational theory of mild wear to the sliding wear of low alloy steel, Wear, 65 (1980) 1, 1–20, doi:10.1016/0043-1648(80)90002-2
T. F. J. Quinn, Review of oxidational wear, Tribology International, 16 (1983) 5, 257–271, doi:10.1016/0301-679x(83)90086-5
T. F. J. Quinn, Review of oxidational wear Part II: Recent developments and future trends in oxidational wear research, Tribology International, 16 (1983) 5, 305–315, doi:10.1016/0301-¬679x(83) 90039-7
J. L. Sullivan, S. S. Athwal, Mild wear of a low alloy steel at temperatures up to 500 °C, Tribology International, 16 (1983) 3, 123–131, doi:10.1016/0301-679x(83)90053-1
H. So, The mechanism of oxidational wear, Wear, 184 (1995) 2, 161–167, doi:10.1016/0043-1648(94)06569-1
