TEMPERATURE PERFORMANCE AND RUTTING PREDICTION OF STEEL SLAG ASPHALT MIXTURES
Keywords:
road engineering, performance prediction, steel slag–rubber powder-modified asphalt mixture, optimization algorithms
Abstract
Steel slag, an industrial by-product, can replace basalt aggregate in road construction, helping to reduce the extraction of natural resources. By combining steel slag with waste rubber powder to produce steel slag–rubber-modified asphalt mixtures, both the material performance is enhanced and resource recycling is promoted. However, due to slight differences in high-temperature behavior between steel slag–rubber-modified asphalt mixtures and traditional basalt-based mixtures, existing rutting prediction models fail to accurately characterize the rutting development of the modified materials. To address this, four different types of asphalt mixtures were prepared in this study: full steel slag–rubber-modified warm-mix asphalt (CR-WSAM), partial steel slag–rubber-modified warm-mix asphalt (CR-WSBAM), full steel slag–rubber-modified hot-mix asphalt (CR-HSAM), and partial steel slag–rubber-modified hot-mix asphalt (CR-HSBAM). Uniaxial compression, Hamburg wheel tracking, and dynamic modulus tests were conducted, and a new rutting prediction model was developed by incorporating key factors influencing the rut formation. The results show that the proposed model outperforms existing models in terms of both accuracy and applicability, providing a more precise description of the rutting behavior of steel slag–rubber-modified asphalt mixtures. Furthermore, the model’s predictions show a higher correlation with measured rut depth values, indicating improved prediction accuracy.
References
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26 Y. Luan, W. Zhang, Y. Zhao, Z. Pan, Z. Niu, K. Zeng, and X. Chen, Mohammad Louay N,Mechanical Property Evaluation for Steel Slag in Asphalt Mixture with Different Skeleton Structures Using Modified Marshall Mix Design Methodology,Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,34 (2022) 1,doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0004014
27 Y. Yan, H. Zhang, B. Michael, A. Cassady, J. Zhou, and R. Reynaldo, Effects of asphalt binder type, aggregate type, and gradation characteristics on fracture properties and performance of asphalt mixtures at intermediate temperatures,Construction and Building Materials,409 (2023),133801,doi:10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2023.133801
28 G. Liu, L. Chen, Z. Qian, Y. Zhang, and H. Ren, Rutting prediction models for asphalt pavements with different base types based on RIOHTrack full-scale track,Construction and Building Materials,242 (2021),115915,doi:10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2021.124793
29 W. Zhang, S. Shen, S. Wu, and L. N. Mohammad, Prediction Model for Field Rut Depth of Asphalt Pavement Based on Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test Properties,Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,(2017),doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001946
2 F .Mansour, and A .Amin, Recycling of RAP and steel slag aggregates into the warm mix asphalt: A performance evaluation,Construction and Building Materials,117,(2017),147630,doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.117
3 Z. Liu, L. Sun, J. Li, and L. Liu,Effect of key design parameters on high temperature performance of asphalt mixtures,Construction and Building Materials,348,(2022),128651,doi:10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2022.128651
4 Y. Luan, Y. Ma, T. Ma, C. Wang, and F. Xia,Research on the effects of asphalt performance on rutting resistance and its correlation with rutting performance indicators,Construction and Building Materials,400,(2023),132773,doi:10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2023.132773
5 Q. Guo, H. Xu, J. Wang, J. Hang, K. Wang, P. Hu, and H. Li,Gradation Optimization Based on Micro-Analysis of Rutting Behavior of Asphalt Mixture,Coatings,13 (2023) 11,doi:10.3390/COATINGS13111965
6 B. Javilla, L. Mo, F. Hao, S. An, and S. Wu,Systematic comparison of two-stage analytical rutting models of asphalt mixtures,Construction and Building Materials,153 (2017) 716-727,doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.083
7 K. Chen，C. Zhuang, J. Zhang, and Y. Hao,Modification of rutting prediction model for with semi-rigid base in service based on accelerated loading test,Case Studies in Construction Materials,17 (2022) E01704,doi:10.1016/J.CSCM.2022.E01704
8 S. Kocak, and M. K. Emin,Effect of Devulcanized Rubber Modification on the Performance Grade, Fatigue Cracking Resistance, and Rutting Resistance of Asphalt Binders,Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,33 (2021) 9,doi:10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003830
9 C. Yang, Zhen. Huang, S. Wu, X. He, Y. Su, Z. Zhao, H. Xu, F. Wang, and L. Zhang,Recycling steel slag as aggregate in developing an ultra-thin friction course with high comprehensive road performance,Construction and Building Materials,449 (2024),138539,doi:10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2024.138539
10 X. Hu, A. Ishaq, A. Khattak, and F. Chen,Assessment of Factors Affecting Pavement Rutting in Pakistan Using Finite Element Method and Machine Learning Models,Sustainability,16(6) (2024),2362.doi:10.3390/SU16062362
11 H. Chen, A. M. Mulugeta, B. D. Maria, X. Zhang, G. Liu, and H. Inge,Comparative study of indirect tensile test and uniaxial compression test on asphalt mixtures: Dynamic modulus and stress-strain state,Construction and Building Materials,366 (2023),130187,doi:10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2022.130187
12 H. Wang, Z. Zhou, W. Huang, and X. Dong,Investigation of asphalt mixture permanent deformation based on three-dimensional discrete element method,Construction and Building Materials,272,(2021),121808,doi:10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2020.121808
13 J. Li, J. Yu, S. Wu, and J. Xie,The Mechanical Resistance of Asphalt Mixture with Steel Slag to Deformation and Skid Degradation Based on Laboratory Accelerated Heavy Loading Test,Materials,15(3) (2022),911-911,doi:10.3390/MA15030911
14 P. Dong, X. Cao, and B. Tang, Analysis of the mechanical behavior of asphalt pavement under multiple coupling effects,Construction and Building Materials,499 (2024) 13849,doi: 10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2024.138409
15 Y. Luan, W. Zhang, Y. Zhao, Z. Pan, N. Zhe, K. Zeng, and X. Chen, Mohammad Louay N,Mechanical Property Evaluation for Steel Slag in Asphalt Mixture with Different Skeleton Structures Using Modified Marshall Mix Design Methodology,Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 34 (2022) 1,doi:10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0004014
16 Z. Zhou, J. Cao, X. Shi, W. Zhang, and W. Huang, Probabilistic rutting model using NGBoost and SHAP: Incorporating other performance indicators,Construction and Building Materials,438 (2024) 137052,doi: 10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2024.137052
17 C. K. Akisetty, S. J.Lee, and S. N. Amirkhanian, High temperatureproperties of rubberized binders containing warm asphalt additives,Construction and Building Materials, 23(1) (2007) 565-573,doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.10.010
18 M. Ameri, S.Hesami, and H.Goli, Laboratory evaluation of warm mix asphalt mixtures containing electric arc furnace (EAF) steel slag,Construction and Building Materials, 49 (2013),611-617,doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.08.034
19 J. Jaehoon, B. U. Shane, and Y. K. Richard, Rutting performance prediction using index-volumetrics relationships with stress sweep rutting test and Hamburg wheel-track test,Construction and Building Materials,295 (2021),123664,doi: 10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2021.123664
20 W. J. Kim, V. P. Le, H. J. Lee, and H. T. Phan, Calibration and validation of a rutting model based on shear stress to strength ratio for asphalt pavements,Construction and Building Materials,149 (2017),327-337,doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.05.053
21 C. Wang, S. Xu, J. Liu, J. Yang, and C. Liu, Building an improved artificial neural network model based on deeply optimizing the input variables to enhance rutting prediction,Construction and Building Materials,348 (2022),128658,doi:10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2022.128658
22 L. Wang, J. Li, and W. Gui, Effect of surfactant on high and low temperature properties of warm mix rubber powder modified asphalt,Materials Review,33 (2019) 3
23 H. Yu, S. Shen, G. Qian, and X. Gong, Packing Theory and Volumetrics-Based Aggregate Gradation Design Method,Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,32(2020) 6,doi:10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003192
24 H.Qi, Y. Guo, and L. Wang, Research on the optimal dosage of steel slag asphalt mixture based on gray target decision theory,Highway,02 (2023) 65
25 Z. Zhang, X. Zheng, J. Li, G. Xu, and L. Tan, Mechanism of reinforced interfacial adhesion between steel slag and highly devulcanized waste rubber modified asphalt and its influence on the volume stability in steel slag asphalt mixture,Construction and Building Materials,447 (2024),138129,doi: 10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2024.138129
26 Y. Luan, W. Zhang, Y. Zhao, Z. Pan, Z. Niu, K. Zeng, and X. Chen, Mohammad Louay N,Mechanical Property Evaluation for Steel Slag in Asphalt Mixture with Different Skeleton Structures Using Modified Marshall Mix Design Methodology,Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,34 (2022) 1,doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0004014
27 Y. Yan, H. Zhang, B. Michael, A. Cassady, J. Zhou, and R. Reynaldo, Effects of asphalt binder type, aggregate type, and gradation characteristics on fracture properties and performance of asphalt mixtures at intermediate temperatures,Construction and Building Materials,409 (2023),133801,doi:10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2023.133801
28 G. Liu, L. Chen, Z. Qian, Y. Zhang, and H. Ren, Rutting prediction models for asphalt pavements with different base types based on RIOHTrack full-scale track,Construction and Building Materials,242 (2021),115915,doi:10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2021.124793
29 W. Zhang, S. Shen, S. Wu, and L. N. Mohammad, Prediction Model for Field Rut Depth of Asphalt Pavement Based on Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test Properties,Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,(2017),doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001946
Published
2025-10-01
How to Cite
1.
Du H, Han Q, Wu Y, Ma L, Ren M. TEMPERATURE PERFORMANCE AND RUTTING PREDICTION OF STEEL SLAG ASPHALT MIXTURES. MatTech [Internet]. 2025Oct.1 [cited 2025Nov.18];59(5):749–760. Available from: https://mater-tehnol.si/index.php/MatTech/article/view/1434
Section
Articles
