1340 Effect of deformation temperatures on microstructure and mechanical properties in an Al containing low Si TRIP steel
Keywords:
Al containing low Si transformation induced plasticity steel, deformation temperature, multi-phase microstructure, retained austenite, strain-hardening exponent
Abstract
An Al containing low Si TRIP steel was subjected to different deformation temperatures in austenite non-recrystallization region during thermo-mechanical processes. The microstructural characteristics were analyzed by means of optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD), and its effects on mechanical properties were investigated. The results show that lower deformation temperature strongly promotes the proeutectoid ferrite formation at the expense of bainite, which causes an increase in the amount of retained austenite (RA). Compared with the case of higher deformation temperature in austenite non-recrystallization region, the steel processed by lower deformation temperature exhibits higher elongation and excellent combination of strength and ductility because of higher fractions of polygonal ferrite and RA particles with different size that provide sustained transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) effect over a significantly wide strain range. The un-transformed RA in fractured tensile specimen has much smaller grain size and higher carbon content in comparison to the case before fracture.
References
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doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2016.05.106
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26 A. Karimi, S. Kheirandish, M. Mahmoudiniya, Effect of bainite volume fraction on mechanical properties of a ferrite-bainite-martensite steel. Kovove Mater. 55 (2017) 175-182.,
doi: 10.4149/km 2017_3_175
27 H. Kong, Q. Chao, M. H. Cai, E. J. Pavlina, B. Rolfe, P. D. Hodgson, H. Beladi, Microstructure evolution and mechanical behavior of a CMnSiAl TRIP steel subjected to partial austenitization along with quenching and partitioning treatment. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 49 (2018) 1509-1519, doi: 10.1007/s11661-018-4525-3
28 D. Q. Zou, S. H. Li, J. He, Temperature and strain rate dependent deformation induced martensitic transformation and flow behavior of quenching and partitioning steels. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 680 (2017) 54-63, doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2016.10.083
29 H. Rastegari, A. Kermanpur, A. Najafizadeh, Effect of initial microstructure on the work hardening behavior of plain eutectoid steel. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 632 (2015) 103-109,
doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2015.02.040
30 A. Lavakumar, M.-H. Park, S. Hwang, H. Adachi, M. Sato, R. K. Ray, M. Murayama, N. Tsuji, Role of surrounding phases on deformation-induced martensitic transformation of retained austenite in multi-phase TRIP steel. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 874 (2023) 145089, doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2023.145089
31 X. D. Tan，H. S. He，W. J. Lu，L. Yang，B. Tang，J. Yan，Y. B. Xu，D. Wu, Effect of matrix structures on TRIP effect and mechanical properties of low-C low-Si Al-added hot-rolled TRIP steels. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 771(2020) 138629, doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2019.138629
2 I. B. Timokhina, P. D. Hodgson. E. V. Pereloma, Effect of deformation schedule on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a thermomechanically processed C-Mn-Si transformation-induced plasticity steel. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 34 (2003) 1599-1609, doi: 10.1007/s11661-003-0305-8
3 R. Ranjan, H. Beladi, P. D. Hodgson, S. B. Singh, The mechanical properties of low alloy TRIP-aided steel: the role of retained austenite. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 52 (2021) 4649-4663,
doi: 10.1007/s11661-021-06417-z
4 M. Soleimani, A. Kalhor, H. Mirzadeh, Transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) in advanced steels: A review. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 795 (2020) 140023, doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2020.140023
5 V. L. Nuam, H. Zhang, Y. C. Wang, Z. P. Xiong, Role of retained austenite in advanced high-strength steel: ductility and toughness. J. Iron Steel Res. Int. 31 (2024) 2079-2089,
doi: 10.1007/s42243-023-01165-3
6 H. Nasr El-Din, R. Reda, Retained austenite attributes and mechanical performance of different compositions of TRIP steel alloys. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 28 (2019) 2167-2177,
doi: 10.1007/s11665-019-04010-5
7 J. N. Huang, Z. Y. Tang, H. Ding, R. D. K. Misra, The significant impact of phase fraction and austenite stability on the mechanical properties of a low-alloyed TRIP-aided steel: An insight into experimental analysis and predictions. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 759 (2019) 40-46, doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2019.05.026
8 M. Gomez, C. I. Garcia, A. J. Deardo, The role of new ferrite on retained austenite stabilization in Al-TRIP steels. ISIJ Int. 50 (2010) 139-146, doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.50.139
9 Y. Onuki, T. Hirano, A. Hoshikawa, S. Sato, T. Tomida, In situ observation of bainite transformation and simultaneous carbon enrichment in austenite in low-alloyed TRIP steel using time-of-flight neutron diffraction techniques. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 50 (2019) 4977-4986, doi: 10.1007/s11661-019-05415-6
10 F. Alharbi, A. A. Gazder, A. Kostryzhev, B. C. De Cooman, E. V. Pereloma, The effect of processing parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of low-Si transformation-induced plasticity steels. J. Mater. Sci. 49 (2014) 2960-2974, doi: 10.1007/s10853-013-8008-z
11 S. M. K. Hosseini, A. Zaeri-Hanzaki, S. Yue, Effect of austenite deformation in non-recrystallization region on microstructure development in low-silicon content TRIP-assisted steels. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 618 (2014) 63-70, doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2014.08.059
12 Q. X. Feng, L. F. Li, W. Y. Yang, Z. Q. Sun, Microstructures and mechanical properties of hot-rolled Nb-microalloyed TRIP steels by different thermo-mechanical processes. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 605 (2014) 14-21, doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2014.03.051
13 L. Y. Lan, W. Zhou, R. D. K. Misra, Effect of hot deformation parameters on flow stress and microstructure in a low carbon microalloyed steel. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 756 (2019) 18-26,
doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2019.04.039
14 Y. Sakuma, O. Matsumura, H. Takechi, Mechanical-properties and retained austenite in intercritically heat-treated bainite-transformed steel and their variation with Si and Mn additions. Metall. Trans. A 22 (1991) 489-498, doi: 10.1007/BF02656816
15 C. Wang, H. Ding, J. Zhang, H. F. Di, Effect of partial replacement of Si with Al on the microstructures and mechanical properties of 1000 MPa TRIP steels. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 23 (2014) 3896-3906, doi: 10.1007/s11665-014-1190-6
16 A. K. Srivastava, D. Bhattacharjee, G. Jha, N. Gope, S. B. Singh, Microstructural and mechanical characterization of C-Mn-Al-Si cold rolled TRIP-aided steel. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 445-446 (2007) 549-557, doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2006.09.101
17 L. Liu, B. B. He, G. J. Cheng, H. W. Yen, M. X. Huang, Optimum properties of quenching and partitioning steels achieved by balancing fraction and stability of retained austenite. Scr. Mater. 150 (2018) 1-6, doi: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2018.02.035
18 X. L. Li, Y. J. Li, J. Kang, C. N. Li, G. Yuan, G. D. Wang, Control of carbon content in steel by introducing proeutectoid ferrite transformation into hot-rolled Q&P process. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 27 (2018) 315-323, doi: 10.1007/s11665-017-3093-9
19 A. Zarei Hanzaki, P. D. Hodgson, S. Yue, Hot detormation characteristics of Si-Mn TRIP steels with and without Nb microalloy additions. ISIJ Int. 35 (1995) 324-331,
doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.35.324.
20 R. Ranjan, H. Beladi, S. B. Singh, P. D. Hodgson, Thermo-mechanical processing of TRIP-aided steels. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 46 (2015) 3232-3247, doi: 10.1007/s11661-015-2885-5
21 T. Nakagaito, H. Matsuda, Y. Nagataki, K. Seto, Effects of partitioning of manganese and silicon during intercritical annealing on transformation behavior and mechanical properties of low alloyed TRIP-assisted steel sheets. ISIJ Int. 57 (2017) 380-387, doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2016-288
22 S. Lin, A. Borgenstam, A. Stark, P. Hedström, Effect of Si on bainitic transformation kinetics in steels explained by carbon partitioning, carbide formation, dislocation densities, and thermodynamic conditions. Mater. Charact. 185 (2022) 111774, doi: 10.1016/j.matchar.2022.111774
23 H. S. Park, J. C. Han, N. S. Lim, J.-B. Seo, C. G. Park, Nano-scale observation on the transformation behavior and mechanical stability of individual retained austenite in CMnSiAl TRIP steels. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 627 (2015) 262-269, doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2015.01.005
24 G. Liu, S. G. Zhang, J. Li, J. Wang, Q. G. Meng, Fast-heating for intercritical annealing of cold-rolled quenching and partitioning steel. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 669 (2016)387-395,
doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2016.05.106
25 T. Hanamura, S. Torizuka, S. Tamura, S. Enokida, H. Takechi, Effect of austenite grain size on transformation behavior, microstructure and mechanical properties of 0.1C-5Mn martensitic steel. ISIJ Int. 53 (2013) 2218-2225, doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.53.2218
26 A. Karimi, S. Kheirandish, M. Mahmoudiniya, Effect of bainite volume fraction on mechanical properties of a ferrite-bainite-martensite steel. Kovove Mater. 55 (2017) 175-182.,
doi: 10.4149/km 2017_3_175
27 H. Kong, Q. Chao, M. H. Cai, E. J. Pavlina, B. Rolfe, P. D. Hodgson, H. Beladi, Microstructure evolution and mechanical behavior of a CMnSiAl TRIP steel subjected to partial austenitization along with quenching and partitioning treatment. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 49 (2018) 1509-1519, doi: 10.1007/s11661-018-4525-3
28 D. Q. Zou, S. H. Li, J. He, Temperature and strain rate dependent deformation induced martensitic transformation and flow behavior of quenching and partitioning steels. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 680 (2017) 54-63, doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2016.10.083
29 H. Rastegari, A. Kermanpur, A. Najafizadeh, Effect of initial microstructure on the work hardening behavior of plain eutectoid steel. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 632 (2015) 103-109,
doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2015.02.040
30 A. Lavakumar, M.-H. Park, S. Hwang, H. Adachi, M. Sato, R. K. Ray, M. Murayama, N. Tsuji, Role of surrounding phases on deformation-induced martensitic transformation of retained austenite in multi-phase TRIP steel. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 874 (2023) 145089, doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2023.145089
31 X. D. Tan，H. S. He，W. J. Lu，L. Yang，B. Tang，J. Yan，Y. B. Xu，D. Wu, Effect of matrix structures on TRIP effect and mechanical properties of low-C low-Si Al-added hot-rolled TRIP steels. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 771(2020) 138629, doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2019.138629
Published
2026-07-23
How to Cite
1.
Yu Y, Wang B. 1340 Effect of deformation temperatures on microstructure and mechanical properties in an Al containing low Si TRIP steel. MatTech [Internet]. 2026Jul.23 [cited 2026Oct.11];60(4):585–593. Available from: https://mater-tehnol.si/index.php/MatTech/article/view/1340
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