ASSESSMENT OF WEAR AND CORROSION RESISTANCE IN TiC AND WC COATINGS APPLIED TO AISI 1040 FORGED STEEL VIA ELECTROSPARK DEPOSITION
Keywords:
electrospark deposition, ceramics, forged, hardness, metallic material, resistance, corrosion, coatings
Abstract
Electrospark deposition is a very efficient technique used to improve metallic material surfaces by applying ceramic coatings. This investigation employed the electrospark deposition approach to deposit titanium carbide and tungsten carbide coatings onto the surface of AISI 1040 forged steel. Subsequently, the coated surfaces were subjected to a microstructure examination, phase structure analysis, microhardness testing, friction testing, wear testing, and electrochemical corrosion testing. After that, the outcomes were compared to those of uncoated AISI 1040 forged steel. The forged steel with TiC and WC phase coatings applied with electrospark deposition was much better than the untreated AISI 1040 forged steel in terms of hardness, being more than four times harder. Both the friction coefficient and wear volume loss were reduced as a result. Furthermore, due to their decreased conductivity, the ceramic coatings that were applied to the surface showed a corrosion resistance that was 2–3 times higher than that of the uncoated forged steel. While TiC coatings may better enhance corrosion resistance, this study provides evidence that WC coatings could be a superior choice for improving the wear resistance of AISI 1040 forged steel.
References
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2 Joviăević-Klug P, Puš G, Joviăević-Klug M, Žužek B, Podgornik B, Influence of heat treatment parameters on effectiveness of deep cryogenic treatment on properties of high-speed steels, Mater Sci Eng A, 829 (2022), 1–12.
3 Mishigdorzhiyn U, Semenov A, Ulakhanov N, Milonov A, Dasheev D, Gulyashinov P, Microstructure and wear resistance of hot-work tool steels after electron beam surface alloying with B4C and Al, Lubricants, 10 (2022) 5,1–17.
4 Kayali Y, Yaląin Y, Talaş Ş, Electro-spark deposition coating of AISI 4140 and AISI 1040 steels by WC, Ni and M42 electrodes and their wear properties, J Mater Eng Perform, (2023). doi: 10.1007/s11665- 023-08794-5.
5 Barile C, Casavola C, Pappalettera G, Renna G, Advancements in Electrospark Deposition (ESD) technique: A short review, Coatings, 12 (2022),1–28.
6 Kayalı Y, Kanca E, Günen A, Effect of boronizing on microstructure, high-temperature wear and corrosion behavior of additive manufactured inconel 718, Mater Charact, 191 (2022),1–17.
7 Mertgenc E, Talas S, Gokce B, The wear and microstructural characterization of copper surface coated with TiC reinforced FeAl intermetallic composite by ESD method, Mater Res Express, 6 (2019),1–10.
8 Xie YJ, Wang MC, Microstructural morphology of electrospark deposition layer of a high gamma prime superalloy, Surf Coat Technol, 201 (2006), 691–8.
9 Li Z, Gao W, He Y, Protection of a Ti3Al–Nb Alloy by electrospark deposition coating, Scr Mater, 45 (2001),1099–105.
10 Brochu M, Portillo JG, Milligan J, Heard DW, Development of metastable solidification structures using the electrospark deposition process, Open Surf Sci J, 3 (2011),105–14.
11 Leo P, Renna G, Casalino G, Study of the direct metal deposition of AA2024 by electrospark for coating and reparation scopes, Appl Sci (Switz), 7 (2017), 1–16.
12 Demirbilek O, Onan M, Unlu N, Talas S, Investigation of the efficiency for ESD coating with stainless steel on die surfaces, Int J Surf Sci Eng, 16 (2022), 335–48.
13 Kayali Y, Yaląin MC, Buyuksagis A, Effect of electro spark deposition coatings on surface hardness and corrosion resistance of ductile iron, Can Metall Q, 62 (2023), 483–96.
14 Korkmaz K, Investigation and characterization of electrospark deposited chromium carbide-based coating on the steel, Surf Coat Technol, 272 (2015), 1–7.
15 Fakoori Hasanabadi M, Malek Ghaini F, Ebrahimnia M, Shahverdi HR, Production of amorphous and nanocrystalline iron based coatings by electro-spark deposition process, Surf Coat Technol, 270 (2015), 95–101.
16 Wang W, Du M, Zhang X, Luan C, Tian Y, Preparation and properties of Mo coating on H13 steel by electro spark deposition process, Materials,14 (2021),1–15.
17 Kayali Y, Akcin Y, Mertgenc E, Gokce B, Investigation of kinetics of borided ductile and lamellar graphite cast iron, Prot Met Phys Chem Surf, 53 (2017),127–32.
18 Tang J, Mechanical and tribological properties of the TiC-TiB2 composite coating deposited on 40Cr-steel by electrospark deposition, Appl Surf Sci, 365 (2016), 202–8.
19 Xiao Q, lei Sun W, xin Yang K, feng Xing X, hao Chen Z, nan Zhou H, Wear mechanisms and micro-evaluation on WC particles investigation of WC-Fe composite coatings fabricated by laser cladding, Surf Coat Technol, 420 (2021),1–12.
20 Lu JZ, Cao J, Lu HF, Zhang LY, Luo KY, Wear properties and micro- structural analyses of Fe-based coatings with various WC contents on H13 die steel by laser cladding, Surf Coat Technol, 369 (2019), 228–37.
21 Cimenoglu H, Atar E, Motallebzadeh A, High temperature tribological behaviour of borided surfaces based on the phase structure of the boride layer, Wear, 309 (2014),152–8.
22 Gok MS, Kuauk Y, Erdogan A, Oge M, Kanca E, Gunen A, Dry sliding wear behavior of borided hot-work tool steel at elevated temperatures, Surf Coat Technol, 328 (2017), 54–62.
23 Bilgin S, Guler O, Alver U, Erdemir F, Aslan M, Canakci A, Effect of TiN, TiAlCN, AlCrN, and AlTiN ceramic coatings on corrosion behavior of tungsten carbide tool, J Aus Ceram Soc, 57 (2021), 263–73.
24 Wang H, Lu H, Song X, Yan X, Liu X, Nie Z, Corrosion resistance enhancement of WC cermet coating by carbides alloying, Corros Sci, 147 (2019), 372–83.
25 Zhang Q, Lin N, He Y, Effects of Mo additions on the corrosion behavior of WC-TiC-Ni hardmetals in acidic solutions, Int J Refract Met Hard Mater, 38 (2013), 15–25.
26 Han B, Zhu S, Dong W, Bai Y, Ding H, Luo Y, Improved mechanical performance and electrochemical corrosion of WC- Al2O3 composite in NaCl solution by adding the TiC additives, Int J Refract Met Hard Mater, 99 (2021), 1–13.
27 Parakh A, Vaidya M, Kumar N, Chetty R, Murty BS, Effect of crystal structure and grain size on corrosion properties of AlCoCrFeNi high entropy alloy, J Alloy Compd, 863 (2021),1–10.
28 Bakhsheshi-Rad HR, Hamzah E, Ismail AF, Daroonparvar M, Yajid MAM, Medraj M, Preparation and characterization of NiCrAlY/ Nano-YSZ/PCL composite coatings obtained by combination of atmospheric plasma spraying and dip coating on Mg-Ca alloy, J Alloy Compd, 658 (2016), 440–52.
29 Sun J, Fu QG, Guo LP, Liu Y, Huo CX, Li HJ, Effect of filler on the oxidation protective ability of MoSi2 coating for Mo substrate by halide activated pack cementation, Mater Des, 92 (2016), 602–9.
Published
2025-02-05
How to Cite
1.
Rajarathnam DRP, Sundaramurthy K, Makesh M, Meiyazhagan R. ASSESSMENT OF WEAR AND CORROSION RESISTANCE IN TiC AND WC COATINGS APPLIED TO AISI 1040 FORGED STEEL VIA ELECTROSPARK DEPOSITION. MatTech [Internet]. 2025Feb.5 [cited 2025Mar.25];59(1):39–46. Available from: https://mater-tehnol.si/index.php/MatTech/article/view/1289
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