THE EFFECT OF CORROSION ON THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF AISI 4140, AISI 4340, AND AISI 5140 STEELS EXPOSED TO 3.5 wt.% NaCl ENVIRONMENT
Keywords:
corrosion, dynamic behavior, steel
Abstract
Material loss due to corrosion can weaken the structural integrity of systems and potentially lead to failure if timely action is not taken. Such deterioration adversely affects the dynamic behavior of metals. This study deals with the post-corrosion changes in the dynamic behavior of AISI 4140, AISI 4340 and AISI 5140 metals after exposure to 3.5 wt.% NaCl for 1, 7, 15 and 30 days. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (Dynamic-EIS) were used to elucidate the corrosion mechanisms. Modal analysis and finite element method (FEM) were used to characterise dynamic behavior changes. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) was used to analyse changes in surface morphology after corrosion. The results show a decrease in the corrosion resistance of AISI 4140, AISI 4340 and AISI 5140 metals over time, although there is an improvement after 30 days. The electrochemical test results indicated that the metal with the highest corrosion resistance in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl environment was 4340, while the lowest was 5140. In particular, the natural frequency values showed a decreasing trend with increasing corrosion exposure time, accompanied by discernible changes in mode shapes.
References
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2A. Bovsunovsky, E. Shtefan, V. Peshko, Modeling of the circumferential crack growth under torsional vibrations of steam turbine shafting, Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech., 125 (2023) 103881, doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2023.103881
3J. Zhong, D. Liu, S. Chi, Z. Tu, S. Zhong, Vision-based fringe projection measurement system for radial vibration monitoring of rotating shafts, Mech. Syst. Signal Process., 181 (2022) 109467, doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2022.109467
4A. Ahsan Feroz, Harshit, D. Chawla, R. Kumar, To study and analyze the design of drive shafts for automobiles using composite material through empirical review on literature, Mater. Today Proc., 56 (2022) 3820–3822, doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.01.309
5Z. Su, Z. Zheng, X. Huang, H. Hua, Research on dynamic vibration absorber with negative stiffness for controlling longitudinal vibration of propulsion shafting system, Ocean Eng., 264 (2022) 112375, doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.112375
6X. Ma, Y. Song, P. Cao, J. Li, Z. Zhang, Self-excited vibration suppression of a spline-shafting system using a nonlinear energy sink, Int. J. Mech. Sci., 245 (2023) 108105, doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2023.108105
7G.R. Gillich, Z.I. Praisach, V. Iancu, H. Furdui, I. Negru, Natural Frequency Changes due to Severe Corrosion in Metallic Structures, Strojniški vestnik - Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 61 (2015) 721–730, doi.org/10.5545/sv-jme.2015.2674
8M. Haghshenas, W. Savich, A Case Study on Fatigue Failure of a Transmission Gearbox Input Shaft, J. Fail. Anal. Prev., 17 (2017) 1119–1125, doi.org/10.1007/s11668-017-0352-x
9N. Hou, N. Ding, S. Qu, W. Guo, L. Liu, N. Xu, L. Tian, H. Xu, X. Chen, F. Zaïri, C.L. Wu. Failure modes, mechanisms and causes of shafts in mechanical equipment, Eng. Fail. Anal., 136 (2022) 106216, doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2022.106216
10M. Aryayi, M.R. Hadavi, S. Nickabadi, R. Ansari, Changes of Natural Frequencies of Shafts Due to Pitting Corrosion, J. Fail. Anal. Prev., 22 (2022) 1144–1150, doi.org/10.1007/s11668-022-01403-y
11S.X. Li, R. Akid, Corrosion fatigue life prediction of a steel shaft material in seawater, Eng. Fail. Anal., 34 (2013) 324–334, doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2013.08.004
12D.P. Singh, R.P. Verma, P. Singh, Failure analysis of premature failed rear axle shaft of a three wheeler vehicle, Mater. Today Proc., 46 (2021) 10372–10375, doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.540
13L. Zhang, L. Sun, L. Dong, Experimental Study on the Relationship between the Natural Frequency and the Corrosion in Reinforced Concrete Beams, Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2021 (2021) 1–10, doi.org/10.1155/2021/9976738
14P. Goswami, R. Nandan Rai. A systematic review on failure modes and proposed methodology to artificially seed faults for promoting PHM studies in laboratory environment for an industrial gearbox, Eng. Fail. Anal., 146 (2023) 107076, doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2023.107076
15S. Ramakrishna, J. Sathish, V. D. Raj Kumar, S. Raghu Vamsi, Experimental Investigation on Crack Localization in Steel and Composite Structures by Intersection of First Three Normalized Mode Shape Curves, J. Fail. Anal. Prev., 22 (2022) 1970–1981, doi.org/10.1007/s11668-022-01486-7
16Y.B. Bozkurt, H. Kovacı, A.F. Yetim, A. Çelik. Tribocorrosion properties and mechanism of a shot peened AISI 4140 low-alloy steel, Surf. Coat. Technol., 440 (2022) 128444, doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2022.128444
17S.S. Deshpande, P.P. Deshpande, M.J. Rathod, Effect of gas nitrocarburizing post oxidation on electrochemical behaviour of AISI 4140 steel in neutral medium, Mater. Today Proc., 50 (2022) 1979–1982, doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.09.332
18M.R. Danelon, L.S. de Almeida, M.D. Manfrinato, L.S. Rossino. Study of the influence of a gradient gas flow as an alternative to improve the adhesion of Diamond-Like Carbon film in the wear and corrosion resistance on the nitrided AISI 4340 steel, Surf. Interfaces, 36 (2023) 102352, doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2022.102352
19V. Sabelkin, H. Misak, S. Mall, Fatigue behavior of Zn–Ni and Cd coated AISI 4340 steel with scribed damage in saltwater environment, Int. J. Fatigue, 90 (2016) 158–165, doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2016.04.027
20J. Jiang, J. Hu, X. Yang, N. Guo, H. Xu, H. Li, Y. Jin, H. Yu. Microstructure and annealing behavior of Cr-coatings deposited by double glow plasma on AISI 5140 steel, Results Phys., 15 (2019) 102674, doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2019.102674
21E. Wang, H. Yang, L. Wang, The thicker compound layer formed by different NH3-N2 mixtures for plasma nitriding AISI 5140 steel, J. Alloys Compd., 725 (2017) 1320–1323, doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.07.281
22M. Rizvi, H. Gerengi, S. Kaya, I. Uygur, M. Yıldız, I. Sarıoglu, Z. Cingiz, M. Mielniczek, B. El Ibrahimi, Sodium nitrite as a corrosion inhibitor of copper in simulated cooling water, Sci. Rep., 11 (2021) 8353, doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87858-9
23H. Gerengi, P. Slepski, G. Bereket, Dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization studies to evaluate the inhibition effect of benzotriazole on copper‐manganese‐aluminium alloy in artificial seawater, Mater. Corros., 64 (2013) 1024–1031, doi.org/10.1002/maco.201206565
24N. H. Vo, T. M. Pham, H. Hao, K. Bi, W. Chen, Experimental and numerical validation of impact mitigation capability of meta-panels, Int. J. Mech. Sci., 231 (2022) 107591, doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2022.107591
25S. Öztürk, H. Gerengi, M.M. Solomon, G. Gece, A. Yıldırım, M. Yıldız, A newly synthesized ionic liquid as an effective corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in HCl medium: A combined experimental and computational studies, Mater. Today Commun., 29 (2021) 102905, doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102905
26H. Gerengi, I. Uygur, M.M. Solomon, M. Yildiz, H. Goksu, Evaluation of the inhibitive effect of Diospyros kaki (Persimmon) leaves extract on St37 steel corrosion in acid medium, Sustain. Chem. Pharm., 4 (2016) 57-66, doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2016.10.003
27T. Zhang, W. Liu, B. Dong, R. Mao, Y. Sun, L. Chen, Corrosion of Cu-doped Ni–Mo low-alloy steel in a severe marine environment, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 163 (2022) 110584, doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2022.110584
28R.E. Melchers, Effect of small compositional changes on marine immersion corrosion of low alloy steels, Corros. Sci., 46 (2004) 1669–1691, doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2003.10.004
29W. Wu, X. Cheng, H. Hou, B. Liu, X. Li, Insight into the product film formed on Ni-advanced weathering steel in a tropical marine atmosphere, Appl. Surf. Sci., 436 (2018) 80–89, doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.12.018
30H. Gerengi, The Use of Dynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy in Corrosion Inhibitor Studies, Prot. Met. Phys. Chem., 54 (2018) 536–540, doi.org/10.1134/S2070205118030267
31E.S. Sherif, A Comparative Study on the Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Iron and X-65 Steel in 4.0 wt % Sodium Chloride Solution after Different Exposure Intervals, Molecules, 19 (2014) 9962–9974, doi.org/10.3390/molecules19079962
32E.S.M. Sherif, R.M. Erasmus, J.D. Comins, In situ Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques for studying corrosion and corrosion inhibition of iron in sodium chloride solutions, Electrochim. Acta, 55 (2010) 3657–3663, doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2010.01.117
33T. Datta, A.D. Pathak, S. Basak, S. Gollapudi, K.K. Sahu, Fractal behavior of surface oxide crack patterns on AISI 4140 high-strength low-alloy steel exposed to the simulated offshore environment, Appl. Surf. Sci. Adv., 5 (2021) 100110, doi.org/10.1016/j.apsadv.2021.100110
34Y. Ma, Y. Li, F. Wang, Corrosion of low carbon steel in atmospheric environments of different chloride content, Corros. Sci., 51 (2009) 997–1006, doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2009.02.009
35H.A. Razak, F.C. Choi, The effect of corrosion on the natural frequency and modal damping of reinforced concrete beams, Eng. Struct., 23 (2001) 1126–1133, doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(01)00005-0
Published
2024-12-03
How to Cite
1.
Yıldız M, Gerengi H. THE EFFECT OF CORROSION ON THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF AISI 4140, AISI 4340, AND AISI 5140 STEELS EXPOSED TO 3.5 wt.% NaCl ENVIRONMENT. MatTech [Internet]. 2024Dec.3 [cited 2026Oct.11];58(6):673–682. Available from: https://mater-tehnol.si/index.php/MatTech/article/view/1199
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