DURABILITY PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED CONCRETE WITH LITHIUM SLAG UNDER FREEZE-THAW CYCLES
Keywords:
recycled concrete, lithium slag, freeze-thaw, attenuation model, SEM
Abstract
A water freeze-thaw cycle and sulfate freeze-thaw coupling cycle were explored experimentally to evaluate the durability of recycled concrete with lithium slag (LS). The damage-deterioration law was studied from the aspects of mass-change rate, relative dynamic modulus of elasticity, and cube’s compressive strength. Based on the relative dynamic modulus of elasticity, the damage-degree equation of the concrete was fitted, and a mechanical-attenuation model related to this parameter and the cube’s compressive strength was established and verified. The damage mechanism under the action of the sulfate freeze-thaw cycle was revealed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The combination of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) and LS was beneficial to the anti-deterioration ability of the concrete. During the cycle experiments, the mass and relative dynamic modulus of elasticity increased initially and then decreased, while the cube’s compressive strength declined continually. The concrete with a 30 % RCA substitution rate and 20 % LS exhibited the optimal comprehensive durability, and specimens with excessive LS showed more susceptibility to sulfate erosion. The residual compressive strength of concrete structures can be evaluated by measuring the relative dynamic modulus of elasticity as the two parameters are ideally correlated.
References
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34 D. Zhang, M. Mao, Q. Yang, W. Zhang, P. Han, Experimental investigation of neutralisation of concrete with fly ash as fine aggregate in freeze-thaw environment, Adv. Civ. Eng., 2019 (2019), 1–12, doi:10.1155/2019/6860293
35 L. J. Malvar, L. R. Lenke, Efficiency of fly ash in mitigating alkali-silica reaction based on chemical composition, ACI Mater. J., 103 (2016), 319–326, doi:10.3166/rmpd.7.543-554
36 C. D. Xu, Z. Li, X. L. Zhu, Z. P. Yao, M. Y. Wang, P. Zhang, Study on mechanical properties of concrete under salt-frost erosion, Yellow River, doi:10.3696/j.issn.1000-1379.2019.09.028
37 D. Zhang, M. Mao, S. Zhang, Q. Yang, Influence of stress damage and high temperature on the freeze–thaw resistance of concrete with fly ash as fine aggregate, Constr. Build. Mater., 229 (2019), 116845, doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.116845
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2 J. Gong, J. Cao, Y. Wang, Effects of sulfate attack and dry-wet circulation on creep of fly-ash slag concrete, Constr. Build. Mater., 125 (2016), 12–20, doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.08.023
3 R. Zhao, Y. Yuan, Z. Cheng, T. Wen, J. Li, F. Li, Z. J. Ma, Freeze-thaw resistance of Class F fly ash-based geopolymer concrete, Constr. Build. Mater., 222 (2019) 474–483, doi:10.1016/ j.conbuildmat.2019.06.166
4 P. J. Tikalsky, J. Pospisil, W. MacDonald, A method for assessment of the freeze–thaw resistance of preformed foam cellular concrete, Cement Concrete Res., 34 (2004) 889–893, doi:10.1016/ j.cemconres.2003.11.005
5 A. E. Richardson, K. A. Coventry, S. Wilkinson, Freeze/thaw durability of concrete with synthetic fibre additions, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 83–84 (2012) 49–56, doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2012. 06.006
6 C. Karakurt, Y. Bayazıt, Freeze-thaw resistance of normal and high strength concretes produced with fly ash and silica fume, Adv. Mater. Sci., Eng., 2015 (2015) 1–8, doi:10.1155/2015/830984
7 Y. Fu, L. Cai, W. Yonggen, Freeze–thaw cycle test and damage mechanics models of alkali-activated slag concrete, Constr. Build. Mater., 25 (2011) 3144–3148, doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.12.006
8 H. A. F. Dehwah, Effect of sulfate concentration and associated cation type on concrete deterioration and morphological changes in cement hydrates, Constr. Build. Mater., 21 (2007), 29–39, doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.07.010
9 W. Yiren, W. Dongmin, C. Yong, Z. Dapeng, L. Ze, Micro-morphology and phase composition of lithium slag from lithium carbonate production by sulphuric acid process, Constr. Build. Mater., 203 (2019) 304–313, doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.099
10 Y. Qin, J. Chen, Z. Li, Y. Zhang, The mechanical properties of recycled coarse aggregate concrete with lithium slag, Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2019 (2019), 1–12, doi:10.1155/2019/8974625
11 V. Bulatović, M. Melešev, M. Radeka, V. Radonjanin, I. Lukić, Evaluation of sulfate resistance of concrete with recycled and natural aggregates, Constr. Build. Mater., 152 (2017) 614–631, doi:10.1016/ j.conbuildmat.2017.06.161
12 B. Lei, W. Li, Z. Tang, V. W. Y. Tam, Z. Sun, Durability of recycled aggregate concrete under coupling mechanical loading and freeze-thaw cycle in salt-solution, Constr. Build. Mater., 163 (2018) 840–849, doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.194
13 D. Wang, X. Zhou, Y. Meng, Z. Chen, Durability of concrete containing fly ash and silica fume against combined freezing-thawing and sulfate attack, Constr. Build. Mater., 147 (2017),398–406, doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.172
14 W. Tian, F. Gao, Damage and degradation of concrete under coupling action of freeze-thaw cycle and sulfate attack, Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2020 (2020) 1–17, doi:10.1155/2020/8032849
15 DG/TJ 08-2018-2007: The technical code on the application of recycled concrete, China, 2007
16 R. Liang, Study on the performance and application of recycled coarse aggregate of waste concrete in Urumqi, China, Xinjiang University, 2014
17 L. Li, Design and performance of recycled concrete mix of mineral admixture in the cold region of Xinjiang, China, Xinjiang University, 2014
18 GB/T 50081-2002: Test method for mechanical properties of ordinary concrete, China, 2003
19 GB/T 50082-2009: Standard test methods for long-term performance and durability of ordinary concrete, China, 2009
20 X. Ren, X. M. Wang, T. J. Zhao, Research progress and model review of freezing-thawing and salt-freezing degradation mechanism of concrete, Concrete, 9 (2012) 15–18, doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-¬3550.2012.09.006
21 W. Qiu, F. Teng, S. Pan, Damage constitutive model of concrete under repeated load after seawater freeze-thaw cycles, Constr. Build. Mater., 236 (2020), 117560, doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117560
22 W. L. Jia, H. Li, Q. Zhang, Frost resistance of recycled aggregate concrete under sulfate environment, Silicate Bulletin, 35 (2016), 1816–1820, doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2016.06.031
23 H. Siad, M. Lachemi, M. Şahmaran, K. M. A. Hossain, Preconditioning method for accelerated testing of concrete under sulfate attack, ACI Mater. J., 113 (2016), 222–225, doi:10.14359/51688705
24 A. R. Collin, The destruction of concrete by frost, Journal of Institution of Civil Engineers, 23 (1944), 29–41, doi:10.1680/ijoti.1944. 14086
25 Y. Li, R. Wang, S. Li, Y. Zhao, Y. Qin, Resistance of recycled aggregate concrete containing low- and high-volume fly ash against the combined action of freeze–thaw cycles and sulfate attack, Constr. Build. Mater., 166 (2018), 23–34, doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018. 01.084
26 F. U. A. Shaikh, S. W. M. Supit, Compressive strength and durability properties of high volume fly ash (HVFA) concretes containing ultrafine fly ash (UFFA), Constr. Build. Mater., 82 (2015), 192–205, doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.02.068
27 G. Fagerlund, The significance of critical degrees of saturation at freezing of porous and brittle materials, Durability of Concrete: American Concrete Institute, Detroit 1975, 13–65
28 M. Mao, D. Zhang, Q. Yang, W. Zhang, Study of durability of concrete with fly ash as fine aggregate under alternative interactions of freeze-thaw and carbonation, Adv. Civ. Eng., 2019 (2019) 1–15, doi:10.1155/2019/4693893
29 Q. H. Xiao, Q. Li, Z. Y. Cao, W. Y. Tian, The deterioration law of recycled concrete under the combined effects of freeze-thaw and sulfate attack, Constr. Build. Mater., 200 (2019) 344–355, doi:10.1016/ j.conbuildmat.2018.12.066
30 L. Jiang, D. Niu, L. Yuan, Q. Fei, Durability of concrete under sulfate attack exposed to freeze–thaw cycles, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 112 (2015) 112–117, doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2014.12.006
31 J. G. Niu, F. L. Zuo, J. L. Wang, C. B. Xie, Freeze-thaw damage model of plastic-steel fiber reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete, Journal of Building Materials, 21 (2018), doi:10.3696/j.issn. 1007-¬9629.2018.02.010
32 Y. R. Zhao, J. Gao, L. Wang, Z. L. Guo, Study on frost resistance of basalt fiber concrete under unilateral freezing and thawing, Concrete, 4 (2020), 70–73, doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-3550.2020.04.017
33 M. Sun, D. Xin, C. Zou, Damage evolution and plasticity development of concrete materials subjected to freeze-thaw during the load process, Mech. Mater., 139 (2019), 103192, doi:10.1016/j.mechmat. 2019.103192
34 D. Zhang, M. Mao, Q. Yang, W. Zhang, P. Han, Experimental investigation of neutralisation of concrete with fly ash as fine aggregate in freeze-thaw environment, Adv. Civ. Eng., 2019 (2019), 1–12, doi:10.1155/2019/6860293
35 L. J. Malvar, L. R. Lenke, Efficiency of fly ash in mitigating alkali-silica reaction based on chemical composition, ACI Mater. J., 103 (2016), 319–326, doi:10.3166/rmpd.7.543-554
36 C. D. Xu, Z. Li, X. L. Zhu, Z. P. Yao, M. Y. Wang, P. Zhang, Study on mechanical properties of concrete under salt-frost erosion, Yellow River, doi:10.3696/j.issn.1000-1379.2019.09.028
37 D. Zhang, M. Mao, S. Zhang, Q. Yang, Influence of stress damage and high temperature on the freeze–thaw resistance of concrete with fly ash as fine aggregate, Constr. Build. Mater., 229 (2019), 116845, doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.116845
38 H. Nguyen, T. Chang, J. Shih, C. Chen, Influence of low calcium fly ash on compressive strength and hydration product of low energy super sulfated cement paste, Cem. Concr. Comp., 99 (2019) 40–48, doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2019.02.019
39 M. F. Najjar, M. L. Nehdi, A. M. Soliman, T. M. Azabi, Damage mechanisms of two-stage concrete exposed to chemical and physical sulfate attack, Constr. Build. Mater., 137 (2017) 141–152, doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.01.112
Published
2021-04-15
How to Cite
1.
Qin Y, Chen J, Liu K, Lu Y. DURABILITY PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED CONCRETE WITH LITHIUM SLAG UNDER FREEZE-THAW CYCLES. MatTech [Internet]. 2021Apr.15 [cited 2025Jul.13];55(2):171-8. Available from: https://mater-tehnol.si/index.php/MatTech/article/view/116
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