COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND TOUGHNESS OF 9 % Ni STEEL JOINTS WELDED BY SMAW AND GTAW
Keywords:
9 % Ni steel, SMAW, GTAW, microstructure, impact toughness
Abstract
The microstructure and impact toughness of 9 % Ni steel joints welded by shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) and gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) were investigated. The two kinds of weld metal were mainly composed of cellular dendrites and a granular precipitated phase. The grains and cellular dendrites of the GTAW weld metal were smaller than those of the SMAW weld metal. The precipitates in the SMAW weld metal were stripe-shaped while those in the GTAW weld metal were rod-shaped; the number of precipitates in the GTAW weld metal was lower than in the SMAW weld metal. The low-temperature impact toughness of the GTAW weld metal was better than that of the SMAW weld melt.
References
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27 W. Mu, Y. Cai, M. Wang, Effect of precipitates on the cryogenic fracture toughness of 9 % Ni steel flux cored arc weld, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 819 (2021), 141418, doi:10.1016/j.msea.2021.141418
2 D. J. Oh, J. M. Lee, B. J. Noh, W.S. Kim, Ryuichi-Ando, Toshiyuki-Matsumoto, M.H. Kim, Investigation of fatigue performance of low temperature alloys for liquefied natural gas storage tanks, Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part C J. Mech. Eng. Sci., 229 (2015) 7, 1300-1314, doi:10.1177/0954406215569255
3 Y. Zhu, W. Mu, Y. Cai, D. Xin, M. Wang, A novel high-efficient welding technology with rotating arc assisted by laser and its application for cryogenic steels, J. Manuf. Process., 68 (2021), 1134–1146, doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.06.042
4 Y. Wu, Y. Cai, H. Wang, S. Shi, X. Hua, Y. Wu, Investigation on microstructure and properties of dissimilar joint between SA553 and SUS304 made by laser welding with filler wire, Mater. Des., 87 (2015), 567–578, doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2015.08.076
5 S. Gook, S. Krieger, A. Gumenyuk, A. M. El-Batahgy, M. Rethmeier, Notch impact toughness of laser beam welded thick sheets of cryogenic nickel alloyed steel X8Ni9, Procedia CIRP., 94 (2020), 627–631, doi:10.1016/j.procir.2020.09.095
6 K. Li, X. Wang, S.S. Rui, X. Li, S. Li, Q. Sun, Y. Zhang, Z. Cai, Fatigue crack growth mechanism of Ni-based weld metal in a 9% Ni steel joint, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 832 (2022), 142485, doi:10.1016/j.msea.2021.142485
7 J. I. Jang, J.B. Ju, B.W. Lee, D. Kwon, W. S. Kim, Effects of microstructural change on fracture characteristics in coarse-grained heat-affected zones of QLT-processed 9% Ni steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 340 (2003) 1-2, 68–79, doi:10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00190-9
8 J. I. Jang, J. B. Ju, B. W. Lee, D. Kwon, W. S. Kim, Micromechanism of local brittle zone phenomenon in weld heat-affected zones of advanced 9% Ni steel, J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 20 (2001), 2149–2152, doi:10.1023/A:1013784600394
9 A. El-Batahgy, A. Saiyah, S. Khafagi, A. Gumenyuk, S. Gook, M. Rethmeier, Shielded metal arc welding of 9 % Ni steel using matching ferritic filler metal, 26 (2021) 2, 116-122, doi:10.1080/13621718.2020.1846936
10 A. Kern, U. Schriever, J. Stumpfe, Development of 9% nickel steel for LNG applications, Steel Res. Int., 78 (2007) 3, 189–194, doi:10.1002/srin.200705879
11 T. Xu, Y. Shi, Z. Jiang, B. Liu, J. Zhan, Z. Wang, An extraordinary improvement in cryogenic toughness of K-TIG welded 9Ni steel joint assisted by alternating axial magnetic field, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 25 (2023), 3071–3077, doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.06.154
12 M. Gustafsson, M. Thuvander, E. L. Bergqvist, E. Keehan, L. Karlsson, Effect of welding procedure on texture and strength of nickel based weld metal, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 12 (2007) 6, 549–555, doi:10.1179/174329307X213800
13 R. Sakamoto, K. Kobayashi, T. Iijima, Y. Mizo, Development of submerged ARC welding method in a vertical upward position, Weld. World., 56 (2012), 64–71, doi:10.1007/BF03321366
14 W. Guo, Y. Cai, B. Wang, B. Zhang, W. Mu, Effects of axial magnetic field on Fe-Ni interface macrosegregation of 9%Ni steel welds filled with Ni-based alloy, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 315 (2023), 117889, doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2023.117889
15 H. T. Serindağ, C. Tardu, İ. Ö. Kirçiçek, G. Çam, A study on microstructural and mechanical properties of gas tungsten arc welded thick cryogenic 9% Ni alloy steel butt joint, CIRP J. Manuf. Sci. Technol., 37 (2022), 1–10, doi:10.1016/j.cirpj.2021.12.006
16 W. Mu, Y. Li, Y. Cai, M. Wang, Cryogenic fracture toughness of 9%Ni steel flux cored arc welds, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 252 (2018), 804–812, do:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.10.026
17 Y. Wu, Y. Cai, D. Sun, J. Zhu, Y. Wu, Microstructure and properties of high-power laser welding of SUS304 to SA553 for cryogenic applications, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 225 (2015), 56–66, doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2015.05.011
18 J. Grandgirard, D. Poinsot, L. Krespi, J. P. Nénon, A. M. Cortesero, Weld metal impact toughness of electron beam welded 9% Ni steel, Entomol. Exp. Appl., 36 (2001), 1197–1200, doi:10.1023/A:1004890027527
19 H. Peng, X. Liu, C. Deng, S. Wu, Q. Li, L. Ma, Evolution of microsegregation-induced precipitations and bending fracture mechanisms of 9% Ni steel weldments filled with nickel-based alloys, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 26 (2023), 42–57, doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.07.178
20 A. M. El-Batahgy, A. Gumenyuk, S. Gook, M. Rethmeier, Comparison between GTA and laser beam welding of 9%Ni steel for critical cryogenic applications, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 261 (2018), 193–201, doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.05.023
21 S. Gook, M. Forquer, A. M. El-Batahgy, A. Gumenyuk, Laser and hybrid laser-arc welding of cryogenic 9% Ni steel for construction of LNG storage tanks, Proc. of the 3rd Inter. Conf. Africa and Asia on Welding and Failure Analysis of Engineering Materials, Luxor 2015, 2-5
22 J. Hilkes, F. Neessen, Welding 9% nickel steel for liquefied natural gas (LNG) applications, Weld. Cut., 6 (2007), 103–112
23 J. X. Huang, The Double-sided Synchronous TIG Procedure and Matching Analysis of Corresponding Joint of X7Ni9 Steel, Procedia Eng., 130 (2015), 517–523, doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2015.12.256
24 S. Kou, Welding Metallurgy, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, 2002, 158-159
25 Z. Qiu, B. Wu, H. Zhu, Z. Wang, A. Hellier, Y. Ma, H. Li, O. Muransky, D. Wexler, Microstructure and mechanical properties of wire arc additively manufactured Hastelloy C276 alloy, Mater. Des., 195 (2020), 109007, doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109007
26 W. Wang, L. Jiang, C. Li, B. Leng, X. X. Ye, R. Liu, S. Chen, K. Yu, Z. Li, X. Zhou, Effects of post-weld heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Hastelloy N superalloy welds, Mater. Today Commun., 19 (2019), 230–237, doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2019.02.004
27 W. Mu, Y. Cai, M. Wang, Effect of precipitates on the cryogenic fracture toughness of 9 % Ni steel flux cored arc weld, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 819 (2021), 141418, doi:10.1016/j.msea.2021.141418
Published
2024-08-19
How to Cite
1.
Zhu H, Yang X, Liu K, Wang X, Du Y, Zou J. COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND TOUGHNESS OF 9 % Ni STEEL JOINTS WELDED BY SMAW AND GTAW. MatTech [Internet]. 2024Aug.19 [cited 2026Apr.17];58(4):477–484. Available from: https://mater-tehnol.si/index.php/MatTech/article/view/1096
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