LEACHING CHARACTERISTICS AND MINERALOGICAL CONTROL OF CHROMIUM IN ELECTRIC-ARC-FURNACE STAINLESS-STEEL SLAG
Keywords:
EAF slag, chromium, mineral phase, geochemical model, leaching, PHREEQC
Abstract
This study focuses on evaluating the leachability of chromium in Electric-Arc-Furnace stainless-steel slag (EAFS) from the perspective of mineralogical control. Mineral-phase identification results showed that EAFS mainly comprised merwinite, magnetite, dicalcium silicate, calcium aluminosilicate, eskolaite, spinel, and perovskite. The chromium in the EAFS was mainly present in the Mg-Cr spinel, Fe-Cr alloy, or distributed in the form of oxide in the matrix phase, merwinite. When undergoing leaching, the leachate of the EAFS was alkaline and reducing, and a portion of the chromium in the slag was released into the leachate and existed mainly in a trivalent state. In the early stage of leaching, the rapid dissolution of chromium-bearing silicate minerals led to a rapid increase in the concentration of trivalent chromium. However, in the middle and late stages (> 15 days) of leaching, the chromium concentration reached stable values. The geochemical model of chromium leaching from the EAFS demonstrated that the simulated values of the chromium concentration were consistent with the batch-leaching test values. The primary phase Cr2O3 in the EAFS controlled the chromium concentration in the leachate. After entering the leachate, trivalent chromium could be presented as Cr(OH)4– because Cr(III)-hydroxide was unstable in the alkaline leachate.
References
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2 B. Liu, J. Li, Y. Zeng, Z. Wang, Toxicity assessment and geochemical model of chromium leaching from AOD slag, Chemosphere, 144 (2016) 2052–2057, doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.103
3 J. Zheng, M. Shi, J. Li, C. Guo, L. Zhang, Reductive immobilization of hexavalent chromium in contaminated soil and ground water system, Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 9 (2015) 7 3077–3085, (In Chinese with English abstract)
4 P. Chaurand, J. Rose, J. Domas, J. Bottero, Speciation of Cr and V within BOF steel slag reused in road constructions, Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 88 (2006) 1–3, 10–14, doi:10.1016/j.gexplo. 2005.08.006
5 G. Lee, J. G. Hering, Oxidative Dissolution of Chromium(III) Hydroxide at pH 9, 3, and 2 with Product Inhibition at pH 2, Environmental Science & Technology, 39 (2005) 13, 4921–4928, doi:10.1021/es048073w
6 G. B. Douglas, L. A. Wendling, S. Coleman, Productive use of steelmaking by-product in environmental applications (I): Mineralogy and major and trace element geochemistry, Minerals Engineering, 35 (2012), 49–56, doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2012.04.013
7 C. Jing, S. Liu, G. P. Korfiatis, X. Meng, Leaching behavior of Cr(III) in stabilized/solidified soil, Chemosphere, 64 (2006) 3, 379–385, doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.12.039
8 A. Facchinelli, E. Sacchi, M. Tararbra, D. A. De Luca, Assessment of chromium release from steel manufacturing waste, Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 23 (2001) 3, 235–240, doi:10.1023/ a:1012217908019
9 J. F. P. Gomes, C. G. Pinto, Leaching of heavy metals from steelmaking slags, Revista De Metalurgia, 42 (2006) 6, 409–416, doi:10.3989/revmetalm.2006.v42.i6.39
10 K. B. Lateef, A. R. Sheikh, M. S. Nurulakmal, N. Baharun, Evaluation of the Leaching Behavior of Hexavalent Chromium from Malaysian Electric Arc Furnace Steel Slag, Advanced Materials Research, 652–654 (2013), 1628–1632, doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr. 652-654.1628
11 R. Wang, R. Chen, L. Shi, Beneficial use of stainless steel EAFS as composite cement admixture and its heavy metals leaching risk analysis, Baosteel Technical Research, 3 (2009), 14–18, (In Chinese with English abstract)
12 C. Liu, R. P. Côté, Controlling chromium slag pollution utilising scavengers: A case of Shandong Province, China, Waste Management & Research, 33 (2015) 4, 363–369, doi:10.1177/ 0734242x15574562
13 E. Belhadj, C. Diliberto, A. Lecomte, Characterization and activation of Basic Oxygen Furnace slag, Cement and Concrete Composites, 34 (2012) 1, 34–40, doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.08.012
14 M. Kuhn, D. Mudersbach, Treatment of liquid EAF-slag from stainless steelmaking to produce environment friendly construction materials, SCANMET II-2nd International Conference on Process Development in Iron and Steelmaking, Lulea, 2004, pp. 369
15 W. J. Deutsch, R. Siegel, Groundwater geochemistry: fundamentals and applications to contamination, Lewis Publishers, New York, 1997
16 V. Ettler, O. Sebek, T. Grygar, M. Klementová, P. Bezdic?ka, H. Slavíková, Controls on Metal Leaching from Secondary Pb Smelter Air-Pollution-Control Residues, Environmental ence & Technology, 42 (2008) 21, 7878–7884, doi:10.1021/es801246c
17 A. M. Fällman, Leaching of chromium and barium from steel slag in laboratory and field tests – a solubility controlled process?, Waste Management, 20 (2000) 2–3, 149–154, doi:10.1016/s0956-¬053x(99) 00313-x
18 Y. W. Chen, S. Tian, Improvement of determing total chrome with spectrophotometric method, Heilongjiang Environmental Journal, 32 (2008), 61–66, (In Chinese with English abstract)
19 J. W. Ball, D. K. Nordstrom, Critical Evaluation and Selection of Standard State Thermodynamic Properties for Chromium Metal and Its Aqueous Ions, Hydrolysis Species, Oxides, and Hydroxides, Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 43 (1998) 6, 895–918, doi:10.1021/je980080a
20 V. Ettler, P. Piantone, J. C. Touray, Mineralogical control on inorganic contaminant mobility in leachate from lead-zinc metallurgical slag: experimental approach and long-term assessment, Mineralogical Magazine, 67 (2003) 06, 1269–1283, doi:10.1180/ 0026461036760164
21 R. Baciocchi, G. Costa, A. Polettini, R. Pomi, Effects of thin-film accelerated carbonation on steel slag leaching, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 286 (2015), 369–378, doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.12.059
22 C. E. Halim, S. A. Short, J. A. Scott, R. Amal, G. Low, Modelling the leaching of Pb, Cd, As, and Cr from cementitious waste using PHREEQC, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 125 (2005) 1–3, 45–61, doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.05.046
23 G. Adegoloye, A. L. Beaucour, S. Ortola, A. Noumowe, Mineralogical composition of EAF slag and stabilised AOD slag aggregates and dimensional stability of slag aggregate concretes, Construction and Building Materials, 115 (2016), 171–178, doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat. 2016.04.036
24 F. Engström, M. L. Larsson, C. Samuelsson, Å. Sandström, R. Robinson, B. Björkman, Leaching Behavior of Aged Steel Slags, Steel Research International, 85 (2013) 4, 607–615, doi:10.1002/srin. 201300119
25 L. De Windt, P. Chaurand, J. Rose, Kinetics of steel slag leaching: Batch tests and modeling, Waste Management, 31 (2011) 2, 225–235, doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2010.05.018
26 P. Chaurand, J. Rose, V. Briois, L. Olivi, J. L. Hazemann, O. Proux, J. Y. Bottero, Environmental impacts of steel slag reused in road construction: A crystallographic and molecular (XANES) approach, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 139 (2007) 3, 537–542, doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.02.060
27 Y. Samada, T. Miki, M. Hino, Prevention of Chromium Elution from Stainless Steel Slag into Seawater, ISIJ International, 51 (2011) 5, 728–732, doi:10.2355/isijinternational.51.728
28 B. Beverskog, I. Puigdomenech, Revised pourbaix diagrams for chromium at 25–300 °C, Corrosion Science, 39 (1997) 1, 43–57, doi:10.1016/s0010-938x(97)89244-x
Published
2021-03-16
How to Cite
1.
WangY-J, ZengY-N, LiJ-G, GaoZ-Y. LEACHING CHARACTERISTICS AND MINERALOGICAL CONTROL OF CHROMIUM IN ELECTRIC-ARC-FURNACE STAINLESS-STEEL SLAG. MatTech [Internet]. 2021Mar.16 [cited 2026Aug.10];55(1):127-33. Available from: https://mater-tehnol.si/index.php/MatTech/article/view/103
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